H. pylori infection is usually diagnosed in one of three ways. The less desirable invasive approach requires an endoscopic examination with biopsy. Alternative non-invasive tests include a ¹³C urea breath test and testing peripheral blood or serum samples against H. pylori-specific antibodies. The ¹³C test is highly sensitive and specific but it is expensive, not readily available to all physicians and is not an office procedure. On the other hand, the serological test cannot distinguish between elevated antibody levels prior to treatment and the reduced levels found during the post-eradication period. Thus it cannot determine the success of treatment. As a result, there is a need for an easy, non-invasive and sensitive test that can diagnose infection and determine eradication.

INNOVATION:  UCLA scientists have developed a serological-based test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori that is sensitive to variations in antibody levels. The test centers on the identification of several H. pylori-specific antigens that are used to test for the presence of serum antibodies against these proteins. The level of the antigen/antibody interaction is then determined with a secondary antibody conjugate. By assaying antibody levels, the virulence of H. pylori infection can be quantitatively measured. This new method overcomes the shortcomings of previous serum-based tests and the inconveniences associated with the ¹³C test.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS 

• More effective test kits for the detection of H. pylori infection can be developed.
• These kits can be used to more effectively monitor therapy and confirm eradication.

ADVANTAGES

• This is the first serum-based test for H. pylori that can detect variations in antibody titer.
• The test relies on unique H. pylori-associated antigens.
• The test is sensitive and cost-effective.

Reference: UCLA Case No. 2006-136